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Modeling

Modeling refers to the interplay of light and shadow—or of direct and indirect lighting—to identify and perceive the surface textures of objects in detail. In this way, it helps us perceive our environment in three dimensions. To achieve perfect modeling, the light intensity, direction of light, and shadowing must be precisely balanced. This involves describing the ratio of cylindrical to horizontal illuminance at a given point, which should ideally range between 0.3 and 0.6. In lighting design, modeling is always taken into account due to spatial perception, since it is only through the formation of shadows on objects that their structure becomes clear to us. Thus, balanced lighting requires both indirect and direct light, with their direction and color of light modeled after natural sunlight. In addition, modeling can be used to create various effects within a space; for example, by using focused light to cast particularly strong shadows, thereby highlighting specific objects. It also serves to enhance safety within the space, such as by emphasizing steps or edges.

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